ABSTRACT
Viral diseases like Covid-19 are infectious and attack human respiratory system. During this time, places such as the hospital, supermarket and stations where crowds gather are at high risk of contamination. People in the vicinity of these areas can spread the virus not only through physical contact but also by touching articles or objects which are prone to contamination. This is why a device that can clean those infected areas without spreading it to others is much needed. To help mitigate this infectious disease the project was created to build a disinfectant robot that can be used remotely without heavy maintenance and has only one major installation cost and no continuous costs. That is the reason behind selecting the method of UV lamps to help sanitize public areas that can be extended to any type of public space at low cost and to decontaminate the area without the use of sprayers or reagents. All of these virus cleansers come in the form of aerosolized sprays or solutions but cannot be used everywhere particularly to clean garment factories or industrial surfaces. So, the UV lamps were finally selected that will be installed on a movable base automatically. © 2022 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Globally anemia is one of the most important health problems. Adolescents are young people between the ages of 10 to 19 years. Anemia in adolescence may cause a wide range of functional consequences across the life course, including reduced resistance to infection, impaired physical performance and neurodevelopment, and suboptimal schooling outcomes. Aims and objectives: To estimate the prevalence of anemia, to determine the morphological types and patterns of anemia and to assess the etiological factors for different types of anemia among adolescent age group of Eastern India. Materials and methods: It is a retrospective observational study conducted in the department of Hematology at a tertiary care center in Bihar with a sample size of 200 cases. All patients belonging to adolescent age group (10-19 years) having sign and symptoms of anemia were chosen for study whereas children less than 10 years, patients on hematinic and Covid and viral positive cases were excluded. Clinical and demographic data along with hematological findings were retrieved from medical records and data were analysed by SPSS version 25. Results: 55% (n=110) patients were males while 45% (n=90) were females. Amongst males, 31.9% (n=23) were anemic in early adolescent age group and 39.4% (n=15) were anemic in age group 15-19years. While in females, 48.8% (n=21) were anemic in early adolescents and 78.7% (n=37) were anemic in late adolescent age group. Overall prevalence of anaemia among the study subjects was found to be 40.9 %. The prevalence of mild and moderate anaemia was almost similar, each comprising of 39.1% and 39 % respectively whereas 3.1% cases had severe anaemia. Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia amongst adolescents was a moderate public health problem. Factors associated with anemia were low socioeconomic status, rural background, larger family size, poor dietary habits and personal hygiene.
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Aim: The aim of the present study to determine the emerging cases of mucormycosis in post Covid-19 disease patients. Materials and Methods: This observational study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, Patna Medical College, Patna, Bihar, India for 1 year. Basic microbiological methods such as gram stain and KOH smear were used for the detection of MC in the received clinical specimen and morphology was seen in the microscope. Results: During study period our microbiology lab received n=30 suspected clinical specimens from N= 20 post covid-19 patients for MC diagnosis over one month period. Out of n=30 specimens, n=5 was positive for MC by gram and KOH smear method, and we saw filamentous fungi by conventional microscopic method. Conclusions: The present study concluded that the cases of life-threatening MC increase day by day in central India as post complication of covid-19 disease.
ABSTRACT
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has affected around forty million people worldwide and causing over a million deaths. Since no treatment guideline is considered the most efficient, and with no vaccine approved for prophylaxis, currently the COVID-19 response demands efficient use of available technology and tools in medical field for controlling the disease. The knowledge and experience gained from the epidemics of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Ebola, and Zika virus play a pivotal role in this pandemic response. The required technologies and tools are adapted from the existing technologies and are modified to serve the purpose of COVID-19 response which is applied in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of Coronavirus infection. The technologies applied at the prevention stage aims at limiting the spread of infection by using personal protective equipment, contact-tracing, and modelling. At the stage of diagnosis, technologies are used efficiently and the correct diagnosis of infected cases is done by molecular, immunological testing and radiological imaging. Artificial-Intelligence is employed in building applications that use the available information and radio-images to aid in differential diagnosis of Coronavirus infection. The treatment in COVID-19 incorporates technology in both in-patient and remote care of the cases. Though the COVID-19 response strategy differs from country to country, it is devised based on the recommendations made by the international health authorities such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the National Center for Disease Control and Prevention of the United States (NCDCP-US). The controlling of the pandemic depends on the collective effort of all nations which rest on efficient scientific communication and in the advancement of the medical field.
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In recent decades, the use of temporary and permanent use of mechanical assist devices is on the rise for patients with end-stage cardiac failure. These support strategies hold inherently different risks in the face of noncardiac critical illness and require multidisciplinary treatment strategies. The main issues with all mechanical devices whether extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) or ventricular assist device (VAD), are related to thrombosis, anticoagulation, infection, avoiding hypertension and thus use of intravenous drugs, which requires intense monitoring, to circumvent further renal, ischemic or neurological injury and prevent complication.
ABSTRACT
Literature has proven that COVID-19 patients develop pneumonia. Prognosis of this is poor in case of COVID-19 patients developing the following: low lymphocyte count (< 16%) which gets lower with active COVID-19 infection, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus with no exercise. A lot of dilemmas and myths in this nascent COVID-19 pandemic period exist regarding the use of ECMO. Perplexities such as do we treat the COVID-19 patients on ECMO, as a pulmonary ARDS pneumonia, and/or do we need high PEEP or moderate PEEP, during ECMO for this ARDS;are some common COVID-19 ECMO myths which this short review aims to cover in a question-answer format.